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Sample Pages from [em]The Winged Watchman[/em] by Hilda Van Stockum

CHAPTER ONE
FREYA

JORIS VERHAGEN was six years old when the Germans invaded Holland. At ten he could remember little of what it had been like before the war. Dirk Jan, his brother, who was four years older, could tell him more about it, but Joris suspected that he made things up. Surely there never could have been a time when people threw away potato parings and apple cores and fed their precious sugar beets to the pigs! But Dirk Jan said it was all true, and you did not have to walk to the farms to get your food either; people actually brought it to the door! And shops had shelves bulging with merchandise. "The most marvelous stuff!" said Dirk Jan. "For St. Nicholas there were animals made of sugar and great big spiced cakes, and chocolate letters."

"What does chocolate taste like?" asked Joris, but Dirk Jan didn't know how to explain a taste.

"Toys too," he said, "and clothes! You didn't need ration coupons then; you could buy anything you wanted and the shopkeeper bowed and said 'thank you' and asked you to come again!"

That made Joris laugh. Imagine Mrs. Jansen of the bare little grocery store in the village saying "Thank you!" She usually started to scream, "I'm all sold out!" before you could slip off your clogs and enter the store.

"I don't believe it," he cried.

But Dirk Jan nodded. "When I made my First Communion," he said, "Mother bought me new underclothes and a whole new suit, and Mr. Solomon, who had the clothing store before the Germans took him, kept smiling and showing her more.

"A whole new suit," whispered Joris enviously. For his own First Communion Mother had made him a new shirt out of an old sheet and had knitted stockings for him out of a black sweater of hers. He had been very proud of himself, too—but a whole suit! You could not get that now even if you saved your rations for years and years, he thought.

"You'll see. Once the war is over, those times will come back again," promised Dirk Jan.

Joris wondered. He could not even imagine what it would be like when the war was over. He'd got used to the regular drone of English bombers on their way to Berlin, and to the exploding shells of antiaircraft guns. He'd got used to the feel of danger, always threatening. These things were part of his life, like hail and thunder. But he did not like them. He hated any kind of strife. He'd walk a long way round not to pass two women shouting at each other across the street, and he seldom took part in school quarrels.

Yet once he started a fight himself. It was early in the summer vacation of 1944, and Joris was on his way to the village on an errand for his mother. He was crossing the highway when he saw two boys, wearing threadbare city clothes and patched leather shoes. They had hitched a collie pup, no more than three months old, to a homemade cart. One of the boys knelt in the cart and shouted to the pup to pull him. The pup tried hard, tongue out, eyes popping. It pulled the cart for a few paces and then sat down, whimpering. It looked around with pleading eyes, thumping its tail.

"Go on, stupid mutt!" the boys cried, and the one in the cart began to hit the pup over the head with a stick.

Joris never could remember afterwards exactly what happened. He only knew that he flew into a wild fury and charged at those boys, head down. It was two against one, but perhaps his head was harder than most, or perhaps anger gave him unusual strength. His wooden shoes were also excellent weapons which the boys could not match. At any rate, he chased them off long enough to be able to unhitch the pup. He grabbed the furry, squirming animal in his arms and ran—for the boys had recovered from their surprise and were after him. They threw stones at him. One hit his head, and he staggered for a moment but kept running.

"Thief!" the boys shouted. "Give us back our pup!" But their voices grew fainter. The stones stopped falling, and after a while Joris slackened his speed. His head throbbed and his nose bled. He wiped it with his sleeve and shifted the heavy pup, who was licking his ear.

It was quiet on the dike road between the lush green fields of the diked-in "polders." In the distance loomed the thatched body and whirling wings of the "Watchman," his father's windmill.

His mother gasped when she saw him come in. He had a big lump on his head where the stone had hit him. One eye was black and his clothes were spattered with blood.

"Whatever happened?" she cried. "Don't tell me you've been fighting!"

"I had to rescue this pup," said Joris, putting it on the floor, where it started to sniff around curiously.

"Merciful St. Joseph!" cried Mother. "And what about my message?"

"Oh, the buttons! I forgot—" stammered Joris.

"Well, you will have to wait for your jacket then," said Mother. "Never mind. Come to the pump and I'll clean you up, you poor child!" She bustled about, tending to her wounded warrior, while she listened to his tale.

"Many's the time I've had to do this for Dirk Jan," she said, placing a cold, wet cloth on Joris' swollen eye. "I never thought I'd have to do it for you! Still, you did right to defend a helpless creature, but you'll have to find out where it belongs and bring it back."

"Mother!" cried Joris in anguish, "I can't bring it back. Those boys will kill it!"

When Mother insisted, he began to sob wildly. Mother felt sorry for him.

"We'll ask Father," she said.

The Verhagen family discussed the pup during supper. Three-year-old Trixie, a tiny child with a headful of red curls, sat in her high chair, rubbing spinach over her face. Mother told Father what had happened while Joris stared at his plate. He was praying inside: "Dear God, please let me keep the pup! I'll never do anything wrong again . . . I promise. Please, God."

"I know where the pup belongs," said Dirk Jan. "It's the de Wits' pup. Hans and Habel de Wit showed it to me. They're from Amsterdam and they're staying at the Schenderhans' farm for the summer. I never thought Joris would dare take on anyone that big!"

"Yes, it is quite a feat for our Joris," said Father. When he smiled, little lines ran from the corners of his eyes in all directions like the rays of the sun. Father's face was broad and strong and peaceful.

"Well Joris," he said, "if I try to get this pup for you, will you pay me back in chores?"

"Oh, yes, Father, yes! I'll weed the garden, I'll chop wood, I'll mind Trixie—" Joris was stammering with happiness.

After dinner Father, Dirk Jan and Joris went together to the Schenderhans' farm. Joris carried the pup.

It was wonderful to be out with Father. It did not happen often, for he was a busy man. He was responsible for keeping the Rynsater polder dry. Each polder, a piece of reclaimed land, has its own mill to pump away the excess water that gathers between its dikes. When the mill wasn't working, Father was fishing or helping on a farm.

Farmer Schenderhans lived in the Noorderaar polder. Father and the boys took the short way: along the broad drainage canal which was cupped between two dikes, as it was much higher than the fields on either side. Cattle grazed below them, swishing their tails at dancing midges; frogs croaked in the ditches and birds twittered in the willow trees that lined the road. The Noorderaar polder was a large one. It had had two windmills. One, the far one at the other end of the polder, had been pulled down and replaced by an electric pump. This did the work of two, and the other windmill, the "Giant," stood wingless and idle. Father and the boys passed it on their way to the Schenderhans farm. Joris felt sorry for it, and Father seemed sad, too.

"It's a shame to let that mill go," he said. "Who knows when it might be needed? Too many windmills are scrapped in Holland. There are fewer and fewer boys now who want to be millwrights. After a while we won't know how to build windmills any more."

"I want to be a millwright, Father," cried Dirk Jan.

Father nodded. "I know, son, and I'm glad, but we need more than one to keep our windmills in repair. The trouble is that people think electricity is foolproof and easy. It certainly does not require much skill to run an electric pump. What they forget is that you have no control over your power that way. You make yourself dependent on a supply which is generated miles away in some central spot. If that fails, you are helpless. And can we afford to be helpless when it may mean drowning?"

Father stared into the distance where the Saterwoude church spire lifted itself like an exclamation point out of the hazy blue of the trees.

A dreadful thought came to Joris. "They won't scrap the Watchman, will they?" he asked.

Father sighed. "There are farmers in our polder who are envious of the modern Noorderaar pump. They imagine it is more efficient and costs less. There is talk of electrifying the mill after the war."

"But what will happen to us then?" asked Joris.

"I suppose we'd have to look for another mill," said Father.

"And leave our home?" cried Joris.

"That wouldn't be fair!" protested Dirk Jan. "Grandfather and Great-grandfather lived in our mill. It belongs to us!"

"Not really," explained Father. "It belongs to the Rynsater polder committee and they will decide whether to keep it or scrap it."

The boys were silent the rest of the way. They had never realized the danger that threatened their home.

The Schenderhans' farm was as wealthy as a farm could be in occupied territory. The Germans wanted a large share of the waving wheat and heavy cattle. All the same, Farmer Schenderhans lived comfortably enough in his long, rambling farmhouse with its thatched roof and small windows. Hay bulged high under a cap on stilts in the yard. Chickens scratched and clucked; pigs grunted in the shed. Nero, the Schenderhans' Alsatian, came bounding out of the house to greet the visitors. After him ran Hendrik, the younger son of the farmer and a classmate of Joris.

"I know what you've come for!" he shouted. "You've come to bring back the pup! Hans and Habel said you had stolen it, but I told them I knew you and you'd be sure to bring it back!" He sounded triumphant. "Hans and Habel aren't here. They've gone fishing. Come, I'll show you the farm. I've got to gather eggs for Mother," he added, waving a basket. But Joris shook his head and ran after Father and Dirk Jan, who had already entered the house. The puppy hid its head under Joris' arm as if it were scared. Joris felt scared too. He tightened his clasp on the dog and entered the house timidly.

The de Wit parents were at home, and so were Mr. and Mrs. Schenderhans. They were all sitting in the dark parlor with its heavy lace curtains, stiff red plush chairs and flowered wallpaper.

Mr. and Mrs. de Wit did not seem pleased to see the pup, and they were amazed that it was Joris who had attacked their sons.

"You're sure it wasn't this one?" they asked, pointing at Dirk Jan. But it was Joris who had the black eye, and that convinced them.

Father apologized for Joris' having taken the pup, and offered to buy it. Mr. and Mrs. de Wit looked at each other.

"As a matter of fact," said Mr. de Wit, "we don't want a dog. It's a nuisance in the city, and we're hard put to feed ourselves, let alone animals." Mrs. de Wit nodded at each word. She was a thin, nervous woman who looked underfed, in spite of the good farm food she had been getting.

"It was only because the boys begged for it that we bought the dog," Mr. de Wit continued, "but they haven't been kind to it, and I confess that I'll be relieved to sell it to you."

So Father got the pup for a few florins, and Mrs. Schenderhans, a thick-set patient woman, served freshly-made buttermilk and real wheat cookies to seal the bargain.

Joris and Dirk Jan were relishing every mouthful of this treat, Joris sharing his with the pup, and the grownups had started a polite conversation about the difficulties and scarcities of wartime, when a loud yelping outside startled them. The pup began to whimper and hid her head under Joris' arm again.

"Leendert, don't be mean. Nero wasn't doing anything. Stop it!" they heard Hendrick cry.

"Keep him out of my way then," came a gruff voice. "That wretched dog!"

A moment later a young man slouched into the room. His small eyes took in the company, but there was no smile on his face, nor did he utter a word of welcome. He just looked, and everyone in the room became uncomfortable.

"Hello, Leendert," said Mrs. Schenderhans with forced cheerfulness. "Do you want supper?"

"Of course," said Leendert, his mouth twisting up a little as if he were trying to smile, but it was too much trouble for the rest of his face. He was still staring at the company.

Mrs. de Wit got up. "Well, we'd better be going to our own room now, Bertus," she said nervously to her husband. Mr. de Wit got up too, but Mr. Schenderhans interfered.

"Stay!" he said. "I won't have you chased away by my son's bad manners." The de Wits sat down again awkwardly. Mr. Schenderhans glared at Leendert.

"Can't you greet our guests properly?" he asked. "If you can't behave, you'd better go."

Now a smile curved Leendert's mouth, a real smile that lit a triumphant green spark in his eyes. He stood a little straighter. "You'd better mind how you talk to me, Pa," he said. "I was made a landwatcher today."

Landwatchers were detested Dutchmen who enforced the laws of the Nazi occupation. Mr. Schenderhans jumped up, very red. He would have said something if Leendert had not thrown him an odd look through his pale eyelashes and added:

"I can have you arrested, you know, if I tell about your black market activities."

Mr. Schenderhans swallowed and stared and said nothing. A little muscle twitched in his cheek.

Leendert laughed softly and stretched himself. "Where's the food, Mom?" he asked insolently. His mother hurried to get it for him, and he followed her to the kitchen.

Mr. Schenderhans sat down heavily. Father tried to console him. "He's probably only boasting," he said. "He doesn't mean it."

Veins stood out on Mr. Schenderhans' forehead. "Mean it? Of course he means it," he growled. "He always was a good-for-nothing scamp. Eighteen he is, and never raised a finger to help me. But that he should become a traitor. . . ." Mr. Schenderhans put his head in his hands.

The de Wits made a sign to each other to leave. Father got up too. The farmer hardly noticed when they all said good-by.

When Father and the boys stepped outside, they saw Hendrick with his arms around his dog.

"What's the matter?" asked Joris.

"Leendert kicked him!" Hendrik was sniffling. "He kicked him for nothing!"

Joris was glad he didn't have a brother like Leendert. "Father bought the pup!" he said. "She's mine! I'm going to call her Freya."

"Why Freya?" asked Hendrick. Joris didn't know how to explain. He loved to read, was always taking out books from the school library, especially fairy tales and sagas. Freya, the Norse goddess for whom Friday is named, had always been a favorite of his. He had pictured her white and gold, like the pup. But he did not think Hendrik would understand, so he said:

"Oh, just because."

"You live in a windmill, don't you?" asked Hendrik. "Could I come and look at it sometime? Our Giant doesn't work any more. And anyway, I'm scared to go there." He let his voice drop into a mysterious whisper as he added, "It's haunted—honest! I saw ghosts there myself."

Joris would have liked to question him further, but the others had gone on.

"Come and see our mill then, and bring Nero," he shouted as he ran off.

The sun had gone down and mists were rising from the polders. Black bats fluttered drunkenly against the last turquoise glimmer of the day. The ruined mill loomed large and sinister.

"Is it haunted?" whispered Joris. Father squeezed his hand and laughed. It was true that every spring he repainted the white cross on the wall of the Watchman, which was supposed to ward off evil. His father had done it, and his grandfather before him. But with ghosts he did not hold.

"Good people need not fear ghosts," he said.

It was past curfew, and a German soldier or a landwatcher who saw them might shoot. They walked cautiously, keeping in the shadow of the willow trees that lined the dike.

Joris was glad when he saw the lighted windows of the Watchman. Mother was there, waiting to hear the news about the puppy! Joy flooded Joris' heart when he thought of it. He had longed so much for a dog of his own, and here she was, more lovely than he could have imagined! Freya!

He kissed the pup between her ears.


Excerpted from The Winged Watchman by Hilda Van Stockum Copyright 1962, Used with permission from Bethlehem Books

Scope and Sequence from [em]Math-U-See[/em] by Steve Demme

Introduction To Mathematics - Preschool & Kindergarten

TOPICS INCLUDE:
  • Counting & Writing Numbers 0-9
  • Place Value
  • Geometric Shapes
  • Counting to 100
  • Beginning Addition
  • Skip Counting by 2s, 5s, & 10s
  • Money and Time
The Teacher Manual has instructions, examples, and suggestions for word problems. The Student Text has 5 worksheets for each of the 30 lessons. The Instruction Video is 1 hour and follows a lesson by lesson format.

What you will need:
  • Introduction Video
  • Introduction Teacher Manual
  • Introduction Student Text
  • Standard Manipulatives
Optional:
  • Supplementary Manipulatives
  • Skip Count Tape & Book
  • Extra Practice Sheets
* If you have already purchased these for the previous curriculum you do not need to do so again. Foundations of Mathematics - First, Second, & Third Grades

PREREQUISITE: The student should be able to count to nine, write his numbers comfortably, and demonstrate a readiness for formal instruction.

TOPICS INCLUDE:
  • Place Value
  • Read and Write Numbers to 999
  • Addition Facts
  • Solve for unknown by Adding
  • Regrouping or Carrying
  • Column Addition
  • Subtraction
  • Regrouping or Borrowing
  • Skip Counting from the 2s to the 10s
  • Solving for an Unknown by Multiplying
  • Ordinal Numbers, Days in a Month
  • Money
  • Telling Time
  • Reading Gauges and Thermometers
  • Multiplication Facts 1-10
  • Area of a Rectangle and Perimeter
  • Inequalities
  • Liquid Measurement - pint, quart, gallon
  • Linear Measurement - inch, foot, yard
  • Weight - ounce, pound
  • Geometric Shapes
  • ... and More!
The Teacher Manual has instructions, examples, practice problems, answer keys to the student text, extra word problems, and tests with answer keys. The Student Text is 38 lessons and has four worksheets for each lesson. The Instruction Video is 2 1/2 hours and follows a lesson by lesson format.

What you will need:
  • Foundations Instruction Video
  • Foundations Teacher Manual
  • Foundations Student Text
  • *Standard Manipulatives
Optional:
  • *Supplementary Blocks
  • *Skip Count Tape & Book
  • Extra Practice Sheets
* If you have already purchased these for the previous curriculum you do not need to do so again.
Intermediate Mathematics - Fourth, Fifth, & Sixth Grades

PREREQUISITE: The student should have completed the Foundations Curriculum or have mastered all aspects of addition and subtraction, multiplication facts, and the underlying concepts.

TOPICS INCLUDE:
  • Review of Skip Counting
  • Review of Multiplication Facts
  • Reading & Writing Numbers to one Million
  • Expanded Notation
  • Multiple Digit Multiplication
  • Single and Multiple Digit Division
  • Comparing Fractions
  • Adding & Subtracting Fractions
  • Multiplying & Dividing Fractions
  • Fraction of a Number
  • Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions
  • Fractions to Decimals, to Percents
  • Rounding & Estimating
  • Finding Average & Factors
  • Prime and Composite Numbers
  • Area of a Rectangle & Perimeter
  • Linear Measure 1/4 and 1/2
  • Roman Numerals & Tally Marks
  • Solving Equations: 2x + 3 = 11
  • Probability, Graphing, & Map Reading
  • ... and More!
The Teacher Manual has instructions, examples, practice problems, answer keys, word problems, and tests. The Student Book has four worksheets for each of the 39 lessons plus 6 review lessons. The 3 hour Instruction Video is on 2 tapes and follows a lesson by lesson format.

What you will need:
  • Intermediate Instruction Video
  • Intermediate Teacher Manual
  • Intermediate Student Text
  • Fraction Overlays
  • *Standard Manipulatives
Optional:
  • *Supplementary Blocks
  • *Skip Count Tape & Book
  • Extra Practice Sheets
* If you have already purchased these for the previous curriculum you do not need to do so again. Advanced Mathematics - Seventh & Eighth Grade

PREREQUISITE: The student should have completed the Intermediate Curriculum or have mastered all the basic operations with whole numbers and fractions.

TOPICS INCLUDE:
  • Reduce Fractions
  • Add & Subtract Decimals
  • Multiply & Divide Decimals
  • Changing Fractions and Decimals to Percents
  • Mixed Numbers Adding & Subtracting
  • Mixed Numbers Multiplying and Dividing
  • Adding Three or More Fractions
  • Multiplying Three or More Fractions
  • Adding & Subtracting Polynomials
  • Multiplying & Factoring Polynomials
  • Surface Area and Volume of Solids
  • Area & Circumference of Circles
  • Metric Prefixes & Conversions
  • Celsius to Fahrenheit
  • Ratio & Proportion
  • Parallel & Perpendicular
  • Square & Square Roots
  • Pythagorean Theorem
  • Linear Measure - 1/8, 1/16, and 1/10
  • Positive and Negative Numbers
  • Probability
... and More! The Teacher Manual has instructions, examples, practice problems, solution pages, word problems, and tests. The Student Text has four worksheets for each lesson. There are 40 lessons. The 4 hour Instruction Video is on 2 tapes and follows a lesson by lesson format.

What you will need:
  • Advanced Instruction Videos
  • Advanced Teacher Manual
  • Advanced Student Text
  • Algebra & Decimal Inserts
  • *Standard Manipulatives
  • *Fraction Overlays
Optional:
  • Extra Practice Sheets
* If you have already purchased these for the previous curriculum you do not need to do so again. Basic Algebra & Geometry - Ninth & Tenth Grades

PREREQUISITE: The student should have completed the Advanced Curriculum or a comparable pre-algebra course with geometry.

TOPICS INCLUDE:
  • Solving for Unknown with GCF & LCM
  • Order of Operations
  • Graphing Lines and Inequalities
  • Equation of a Line
  • Slope Intercept Formula
  • Solving Simultaneous Equations
  • Trinomial Factoring & Repeated Factoring
  • Multiply & Divide Polynomials
  • Fractional Exponents
  • Difference of Two Squares
  • Pythagorean Theorem and Radicals
  • Area, Perimeter, & Volume of Polygons
  • Supplementary & Complementary Angles
  • Midpoints, Bisectors, & Transversals
  • Parallel & Perpendicular Lines
  • Points, Lines, Rays, & Planes
  • Square & Cube Roots and Radicals
  • Construct Angles & Triangles
  • Types of Triangles
  • Prove Triangles Congruent
... and More!

The Teacher Manual has instructions, examples, tests, and solution pages w/answer keys. The Student Text has four worksheets for each of the 40 lessons. The 7 hour Instruction Video is on 3 tapes and follows a lesson by lesson format.

What you will need:

  • Basic Algebra and Geometry Instruction Videos
  • Basic Algebra and Geometry Teacher Manual
  • Basic Algebra and Geometry Student Text
  • Algebra and Decimal Inserts
  • *Standard Manipulatives
  • *Fraction Overlays
Optional:
  • Extra Practice Sheets
* If you have already purchased these for the previous curriculum you do not need to do so again. Algebra 2 - Eleventh Grade

PREREQUISITE: The student should have completed the Basic Algebra and Geometry Curriculum or comparable Algebra I and Geometry courses.

TOPICS INCLUDE:
  • Exponents
  • Rational Expressions
  • Scientific Notation
  • Radicals
  • Imaginary & Complex Numbers
  • Conjugate Numbers
  • Cubes & Pascal's Triangle
  • Binomial Theorem
  • Completing the Square
  • Quadratic Formula
  • Discriminants
  • Ratios and Chemical Compounds
  • Isolating Variables
  • Unit Multipliers
  • Motion Problems
  • Graphing Lines
  • Distance Formula (Absolute Value) & Midpoint Formula
  • Conic Sections: Circle, Ellipse
  • Conic Sections: Hyperbola and Inverse Variation vs Line and
  • Direct Variation
  • Problems Solving of Conic Sections with Linear Equations
  • Coins and Consecutive Intergers, Chemical Mixtures
  • Age & Boat in the Current Problems
  • Solving Equations with three variables
  • Matrices and Determinants for 2 variables
... and More!

The Teacher Manual has instructions, examples, practice problems, solution pages, and tests. The Student Text has four worksheets for each of the 31 lessons. The 5 1/2 hour Instruction Video is on 2 tapes and follows a lesson by lesson format.

What you will need:
  • Algebra 2 Instruction Video
  • Algebra 2 Teacher Manual
  • Algebra 2 Student Text
Optional:
  • Extra Practice Sheets
Trigonometry - Twelfth Grade

PREREQUISITE: The student should have completed Algebra 1, Algebra 2, and Geometry.

TOPICS INCLUDE:
  • Trigonometric ratios
  • Inverse trigonometric ratios
  • Interpreting the trig. tables
  • Solving for the unknown using trig.
  • Using a calculator and arc functions
  • Angles of elevation and depression
  • Angles <0�, >360�, and reference angles
  • Cofunctions and negative angle relationships
  • Proving trig. expressions and identities
  • Verifying trig. expressions and identities
  • Sum and difference identities for cosine, sine, and tangent
  • The double-angle and half-angle identities
  • Law of sines
  • Law of cosines
  • Ambiguity in the law of sines
  • Radain measure
  • Polar coordinates and rectangular coordinates
  • Polar equations and polar graphs
  • Vectors
  • Functions, relations, domain, and range
  • Graphing sine and cosine functions
  • Graphing secant and cosecant functions
  • Graphing tangent and cotangent functions
  • Logarithms
  • Arithmetic sequences and series
  • Geometric sequences and series
... and More!

The Instruction Set has 2 books. The Teacher Manual with instructions, examples, and practice problems. The Solution Text has the solutions to the Student Text and tests. The Student Text has four worksheets for each of the 26 lessons plus 2 review lessons. The 4 hour Instruction Video is on 2 tapes and follows a lesson by lesson format.


Excerpted from the Math-U-See Website 2001, Math-U-See Foundation, Used with permission.

Some quotes from [em]Our Holy Faith Book 7[/em]

Quotes from Our Holy Faith: Book Seven

Christ in Promise, in Person and in His Church

Chapter XV, beginning on page 226 in the Neumann-reprinted edition, is the problematic one. On page 227, the text says, "Sometimes, too, the human authors of the Bible would tell an historical incident to drive home their message. They also often used an imaginary story to get their message across.......In this chapter we are going to discuss five Old Testament books which are not historical in the strict sense as we now understand it, though they may well contain historical elements. The inspired authors intended by them mainly to teach some important religious truths and encourage the reader in his faith."

The text goes on to discuss the stories of Job, Jona, Tobia, Esther, and Judith. Each of the sections tells the outline of the Bible story, then makes further comments along these lines from the story of Job:

(page 228) "Job is not an historical work; it is a dramatic poem. Job may have been a famous Arabian noted for his piety and patience, whom the author uses as the hero of his poem. The purpose of the poem is to discuss the unsatisfactory ideas of rewards and punishments which existed at the time."

and on page 229: "The story of Jona was not intended to be taken as history. The author, whose name has not come down to us, wished to show how ridiculous certain Jews of his time were who would have nothing to do with the Gentiles, that is, with all who were not Jews"

and on page 230-231: "The author of the Book of Jona had a good sense of humor, which God's inspiration did not suppress....He was one of a small group of Jews who protested against the teaching that God only cared for the Jews. Such teaching was foolish, and so God inspired the writer to picture this attitude in such a way that people would laugh at it. Since the Jews who rejected the Gentiles quoted the prophets to justify their actions, the author made his hero a prophet."

Contributed by S.K. (8-21-02)
Excerpted from Our Holy Faith Book 7 Used with permission.

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